Design And Develop Supermarket Sales System Services Computer Science Essay

Structure And Develop Supermarket Sales System Services Computer Science Essay It contains subtleties for the clients, providers and items. This framework contains two kinds of clients, head and the end client. The manager has the approval to make new clients, alter a current client and erase a client or cripple a client. This framework creates multi reports for costumer, provider, item, and soling. This will chop down the sum you spend away from the essential focal point of your business and dealing with your business. Part ONE Presentation SMSSS is taking care of a difficult that could confront any business. A stock that could vanishes from your stores, drug stores, cafés and medical clinics, because of robbery, wastage and worker abuse; since representative will realize that stock is as a rule deliberately followed. SMSSS can right away inform you regarding what number of a specific item have sold today, or in any period you need. My Graduation Project is applied on general store; this will help on following its residual stock, spot deals patterns, utilize verifiable information to more readily conjecture your requirements and nitty gritty business numbers make it a lot simpler for it; to keep the privilege close by. SMSSS will incorporate two sorts of clients, directed client and an ordinary client. The principal will have the approval to add clients to check the reports and watching the providers. The ordinary client simply will set up the clients requests and print out the charging. Each SMSSS framework needs a printer to make charge card slips for client yet the clients will manage this framework without utilizing that printer subsequently the paying will be in independent activity with ordinary printer. Contact screens are more natural to use than consoles for some clients, yet for this situation there won't be a touch screens, the clients will rely upon the console and a PC as it were. It is a straightforward framework without giving the adaptability to clients. Foundation As it is notice before in the presentation this venture will apply on grocery store, which has number of representatives who got the clients orders. This general store is new, so it is searching for appropriate way to run on their business. This work is normally need a quicker client who comprehend the clients request in brief timeframe, and set aside the cash by tally the requests cost without botch, particularly when your business is run will and parcel of clients orders you should concentrate on to not affected on your business, that why the SMSSS framework will assists with setting aside cash, give profitability gains. Objective Our undertaking assists with recording all business, it mechanize by and large stock control, assisting with keeping stocks in appropriate equalization rely upon request and different variables, so the board is a lot simpler. Additionally you can follow advancements all the more effectively, regardless of whether through capons and unique rebate. In SMSSS you get numerous instruments in a solitary bundle. SMSSS can utilize your own by little is more enraging to an entrepreneur than watching his/her staff stalled. SMSSS lessen administrative work, increment efficiency, decrease time you need to spend doing stock, give progressively exact data on the rate at which every item in your stock moves so you know when and the amount of every thing to arrange, giving you what selling and so forth, which seller item are gainful, and which merchants are getting you the most cash in general. For this situation, your client gets quicker and progressively exact assistance. Section TWO (Task Deliverables) Task Deliverables The expectations for this task is comprising into four fundamental areas: Exploration Examination and Design Execution and Testing Testing and Evaluation Task the executives 2.1 Research In this segment, it will accumulate data about HCI, and comparable programming to the one that will be assembled and the language that choose to utilize. 2.2 Analysis and Design Examination is the way toward breaking a case or subject into numerous littler parts to build a superior comprehension of it. Along these lines will assists with finding the usefulness of the product ought to have, and what programming language should used to actualize it, and take care of issues discovered during the examination segment, and talk about what philosophy will use for both structuring and executing the framework. Plan strategy comprises of the demonstrating language and the structure procedure. Displaying language is a show enumerating how the plan will be composed on the paper. Brought together Language is a case of a demonstrating language (UML). It makes subtleties on how the product will be created. 2.3 Implementation and Testing The structure area will contain screen plans just as the center structure of the product and the manner in which it is executed and it will incorporate the testing and assessment. 2.4 Testing and Evaluation Testing is building up a product framework to discover the mistakes. Testing a lot of projects against prerequisites determination communicated in various chart, for example, information stream and substance relationship outlines. During the time spent programming improvement, testing has generally been left until the code has been composed. [1] Testing code done by various individuals at various occasions. The analyzers are relying upon which testing is being done and the assets dispensed so as to tasting a specific programming item. The analyzers could be: the developers, a group of analyzers, individuals speak to the market for the product, the customer and maintainer [1]. During and after execution the product, code is being tried .Pre-usage testing is finished by a testing group of commentators venture administrator or customers or framework designers. After execution or code testing, programming designers want to taste the framework from the base up, so as to check in the event that they dispatch to have coded accurately. The analyzers applying two fundamental testing strategies: discovery testing and white box testing. There are a wide range of testing, for example, unit testing, test stages, framework testing, incorporation testing, relapse testing , acknowledgment testing, discharge testing and beta testing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦..[1] 2.5 Project Management Eatch venture can run easily and proficiently as per an administrations. This methods of observing the task is significant so as to controlling the expenses and advantages of any undertaking. On the off chance that there are happened reasons that make the work is running late, or make the expenses are starting to heighten, it is fundamental and basic to find this as quickly as time permits and to have the option to recuperation these bugs . That cause revealed an issue then remedial move can be made to have the potential impacts of the issue diminished. The venture administrator is answerable for arranging, observing and controlling the task just if the administration side has been isolated from the specialized turn of events. [2] The errand of the undertaking the executives, plan, gauge time and exertion, recognize assignments for the group, use related knowledge, plan work, use assets, screen and control the advancement of the venture, assess what is need , and distinguish rapidly the reasons for issues all these are costly, as far as both time and cash. [2]It is critical to extend chief to have the option to distinguish regions of hazard, for example, absence of information, happened new advances or issues identifying with necessities, and to block these all plans ought to be prepared.[2] the vast majority of task administrators utilize, for example, illustrations of diagrams to booking their work there are various kinds of singe, they basically can be categorized as one of two classes, bar outline which is frequently alluded to Gantt graph) and system diagram which is regularly alluded to (CPM or PERT or CPA) in this venture well utilize the Gantt Chart so as to sort out our planning,. Part Three Examination Comparative Product There are an assortment of programming arrangements accessible for Cashier Assistant (retail location). A few distinct methodologies are inspected here to look at changed highlights and addition a comprehension of the best way to deal with take when structuring a Cashier Assistant (POS) in the accompanying pages, great and terrible focuses about overviewed application will be analyzed on what to add or to improve in the product to be. The design of this assessment is follow: The name of the being application A rundown of valid statements about the application A rundown of awful point about the application 3.1 Harolds Fine Home Lighting is an organization dependent on convention with 17 autonomous workstations. 3.1.1 Good Points Quick Kill the requirement for isolated retail location terminal. Give speedy confirmation and handling of Visas at the POS. Straightforward bar coding and effective, make a solid method to control stock. 3.1.2 Bad Points Gigantic information, there is no naturally back up. Hard to refresh 3.2 Rod Works 5 stores relies upon deal things 3.2.1 Good Points Naturally create buy orders when things fall underneath recorder levels Lessen stock conveying costs by following stock turns and picking up Produce inconsistency reports to determine mistakes in physical stock 3.2.2 Bad Point Immense information, there is no consequently back up. Hard to refresh Investigation into HCI Human PC association is made by PC programming and equipment. Human PC connection makes PC and human interface all the more fascinating and fulfills clients needs. Human PC cooperation plan strategies depend on User Centered Design. They are center gathering, reasonable investigation, participatory plan, quick prototyping, client situation, esteem delicate structure, and logical plan, and so on. In Human PC cooperation plan seven standards are thought of, resistance, straightforwardness, Visibility, Affordance, Feedback, Structure, Consistency, and so forth web interface and ordinary GUI are utilized by the reason. It is utilized for meetings, space transports, airplanes, etc[3] The human-PC interface is the purpose of correspondence between the client and the PC. There are a few objectives rely upon the end client to pick up his connection

Network and Information Security Technologies for ABC Company

Merge of American Airlines and Us Airways Essay

The buzz in the carrier business in February 2013 was about the potential merger between American Airlines and US Airways since that would make the blended organization the main aircraft in the business all around. Regardless of the some skeptical remarks veteran financial specialists hold for putting resources into the carrier business, which will be referenced underneath, just as the unanticipated claim being tossed at their way, it is a venture that is emphatically proposes a beneficial interest over the long haul. Above all else, the potential benefit of the merger could be predicted by assessing past instances of carriers mergers, for example, the converge between United Airlines and Continental Airlines just as Delta Airlines and Northwest Airlines. Delta Airlines and Northwest Airlines converged in 2008 and United Airlines reported their merger with Continental Airlines 2 years after the fact in 2010. Delta was not gainful immediately after their merger yet took them a couple of years to make something happen offsetting with the conservative circumstance and oil costs. â€Å"Most professionals consider the business unapproachable in light of the fact that the aircrafts have verifiably worked nonsensically and have consistently been helpless before oil costs, associations and new competition†(Feinberg, 2013) however on the other hand Feinberg says that United, Delta just as US Airways â€Å"have been bringing in cash for as far back as three years and may accomplish record benefits in 2013† (Feinberg, 2013). Post merger of United Airlines and Continental Airlines, â€Å"the parent organization of United Airlines, one of the world’s biggest transporters, detailed a $448 million quarterly total deficit, forced by high fuel expenses and costs identified with issues coordinating a few activities of United in its merger with Continental Airlines†(2012). †But the issues have all the earmarks of being to a great extent finished. So far this year, United offers are up 22%, the S&P 500 Index is up 14.5% and Delta shares are up 66%. Presumably, Smisek looks for space to develop (Reed, 2013).† United is additionally hoping to upgrade their administrations for corporate clients by â€Å"revamping its airplane that fly from JFK to Los Angeles and San Francisco, including â€Å"flat bed† seating and quicker, complimentary Wi-Fi to its top notch segments. American is including best in class Boeing 777-300ER airplane to its armada, the biggest new airplane utilized by a U.S. transporter since 1990. Its exceptional lodge has a stroll up bar supplied with snacksâ€a first for any U. S. aircraft, the organization boasts† (Fickenscher, 2013). Another urgent factor that shows practical development are the delicate aptitudes; â€Å"A new American Airlines consolidating US Airways is lucky to have US Airways CEO Doug Parker in charge, since he seems to comprehend not simply the stray pieces of combining coordinations frameworks yet additionally the human procedure of sense of self concealment. This would be the second time his littler carrier has converged with (assumed control over, some would state) a bigger one, and the second time he has relinquished the personality of the venture he fabricated (HBS Working Knowledge at Forbes, 2013). † Creating an official supervisory group that is working admirably as a solid group is vital to a M&A circumstance. They additionally need to have an away from of the organization so as to beat all the minor hindrances they w ill definitely proceed with the merger. Right now, American Airlines and US Airways are looking on going claims against the US Justice division. Contingent upon the result of this claim, American Airlines will either proceed onward with their unique merger plan or whenever blocked, at that point they would need to redesign another arrangement while working in chapter 11. References Feinberg, Andrew. 2013. â€Å"News Flash: Airlines Soar.† Kiplinger’s Personal Finance 67, no. 7: 38. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (got to September 15, 2013). 2012. â€Å"United Continental’s Loss Widens, yet Less Than Expected.† New York Times, April 27. 4.Regional Business News, EBSCOhost (got to September 15, 2013). Reed, Ted. 2013. â€Å"No Wonder United’s CEO Is Buying United Stock.† Forbes,com, September 1. Gotten to September 15, 2013. http://www.forbes.com/destinations/tedreed/2013/09/01/no-big surprise uniteds-chief is-purchasing joined stock/. Fickenscher, Lisa. 2013. â€Å"Mergers put business voyagers in first class.† Crain’s New York Business 29, no. 27: 3. Local Business News, EBSCOhost (got to September 15, 2013). 2013. â€Å"Big Deal: Reflections on the American and US Airways Megamerger.† Forbes.com 10. February 19. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (got to September 15,2013).

Future Trends of Human Resource Essay Example for Free

Future Trends of Human Resource Essay 1. Presentation What does the human asset data framework look like later on? It is elusive an exact response for me. Consistently, a huge number of HRIS masters attempting to anticipate the future patterns of HRIS and, obviously, their expectation vary. Be that as it may, notwithstanding of what forecast they had made, I figure web-based social networking will assume a significant job in next not many years. In this paper, I will attempt to examine what web based life intends to human asset and talk about three significant players in the fieldFacebook, LinkedIn and Twitter. 2. Informal community Site versus HR As indicated by the 2011 Kelly Services Global representatives Index look into, distributed by the renowned human asset administration association Kelly Services, informal community site is turning into the â€Å"edge tool† later on work environment. As indicated by the examination, informal organization site (SNS) is changing the lifestyle and work. It extended its capacity from just engaging to boosting working productivity and upgrading the achievement pace of employment applying. The examination shows that over 80% of workforce is utilizing SNS consistently, while over 60% of workforce thinks about it as a work supporter. As indicated by the examination, a great deal of representatives figure they can build up a moment synchronized â€Å"expert tank†, from which they can procure relative information, expertise and experience, with the goal that they will be support by specialists any place, at whatever point. They likewise view SNS as a channel cleaner of the system s administration. By utilizing SNS, they can deal with their systems administration just inside not many snaps. It is a cost proficiency and customized way. Likewise, they additionally use SNS to alleviate work pressure. As indicated by the examination, SNS is currently entering to the zone of conventional enlisting. Its benefit incorporates no restrictions of reality, cost productivity and high unwavering quality. The examination showed that over 90% dynamic occupation searchers are presently utilizing SNS at any rate once every week. It additionally showed that activity searchers who age underneath 25 are all the more ready to utilize SNS as a device to secure position, while who age more than 35 are progressively conceivable to get a new line of work by utilizing it. The examination recommends that organization should focus on what SNS may change the future work environment. As indicated by the exploration, the most widely recognized concerns toward SNS are influencing profitability, involving web and threating the data security. It additionally report that there are a great deal of organizations are currently begin utilizing SNS to s elect, oversee advertise, advance open connection and guide vocation improvement by setting new arrangements and utilizing most recent antivirus methods. 3. Facebook Facebook is a SNS propelled in February 2004, possessed and worked by Facebook, Inc. When of October 2012, Facebook has more than one billion dynamic clients, the greater part of them utilizing Facebook on a cell phone. As indicated by the examination, 23% of Facebook clients check their record multiple times or more every day. When of May 2012, Facebook got more than 1.6 billion visits for each week. There are more than 1,000,000 connections shared on Facebook at regular intervals. On the off chance that you view Facebook only as an engaging SNS, you will be completely off-base. In the period of web, Facebook is currently creating distinctive social stages. It changes its capacity from simply associating and engaging individuals to work bank and social collaboration. By Facebook as of late propelled work applying application â€Å"Jobvite†, individuals can discover, allude, and coordinate occupations to companions with Jobvite’s exclusive coordinating innovation, givin g better access to chances to work searchers and greater quality recruits for managers. Clients can associate and apply to occupations totally inside Facebook; and they can see their status in the recruiting procedure whenever, making a positive, straightforward relationship for organizations and up-and-comers. By utilizing another activity applying application â€Å"jobandtalent†, clients can find and influence their current Facebook system to secure position openings and stand apart to top organizations. Jobandtalent asserted that they are working with world top organizations like Goldman Sachs, Deloitte and Google. The truth of the matter is that the information put away on Facebook including work relate zone, yet additionally including different zones, for example, day by day life. Business can obtain 360-degree foundation data of up-and-comers by means of Facebook. â€Å"It is anything but difficult to follow record of competitors on Facebook. These records may suggest individual interests, character and other attributes† Said a HR master, â€Å"Traditional resumes are dreary, similar to covers, yet these records are alive and we can thoroughly tell a difference.† It isn't shockingly obvious. Let me know whether I wrong, if the records of a competitor show that he utilize the â€Å"f† word constantly, challenge you or dare you not employ him? Occupation candidates like him will lose his chance from the earliest starting point. Facebook is presently testing LinkedIn by this favorable position. As indicated by the review led by Bureau of Labor Statistics, practically 50% of organizations are currently utilizing Facebook in their enlistment procedure, for example, Boeing and Dell. They use Facebook for work posting, yet in addition for foundation examination. In any case, inquire about shows that there are distinctive between web-based social networking conduct and genuine conduct. It is to be considered w hether it is dependable to explore applicants by means of SNS. 4. LinkedIn LinkedIn is a SNS for proficient individuals. Propelled on May fifth, 2003, it is primarily utilized for proficient systems administration. When of June 2012, LinkedIn reports in excess of 175,000,000 clients in excess of 200 nations. Beast is one of three biggest occupation posting site, in any case, its money related report indicated a noteworthy decrease in business income. As per the market expert, in view of the blossoming of LinkedIn, organizations like Monster are losing piece of the pie in a huge scope. Much the same as Facebook, LinkedIn established upon the hypothesis of Six Degrees of Separation. Additionally it was not intended for enrolling; LinkedIn turned into the significant method to enlist in the U.S. when of 2006 and accomplish benefit. LinkedIn is known as its high exact coordinating rate. It can even â€Å"push† qualified possibility to bosses by preset norm. As indicated by the prime supporter Reid Hoffman, it is increasingly more significant for individu als to use their systems administration later on. In the event that you need to change your activity each a few years, you need to keep up your systems administration to discover new chances. SNS is the most straightforward approach to do it. You don’t need to make call after call and edgy to discover subject to cottoning up, you don’t need to visit individuals with blessings many entryways. The main thing you need to do is simply inside barely any snaps, and you can make association with individuals you need to. As he would see it, the estimation of LinkedIn is â€Å"concentrate in the worth moment†. Likewise Facebook has more client base and more tenacity; it isn't sheltered to state that LinkedIn is losing the game. The direction of these two sites is extraordinary. The business extent of Facebook is wide and the â€Å"killer app† of it is social game and â€Å"Share†, while LinkedIn move in proficient occupations. As it were, the cover of these two sites is little. Individuals see Facebook as â€Å"individual† and LinkedIn as â€Å"professional†. Contrast with solid connection of Facebook, LinkedIn isn't so solid. In any case, this powerless collaboration as â€Å"professional community† is the place it esteem lies. For the client of LinkedIn, sign in consistently and post dangers is inane and route a long way from the character of expert, it will just suggest that you are not in the working status. In other word, client tenacity looks bad for LinkedIn. Also, contrasted with Facebook, LinkedIn is a genuine name, excellent client concentrated SNS. In other word, the client bunch is rich and high-instructed moderately aged callings. This client bunch is known as high business esteem. As indicated by the measurements from Quantcast, in the United States, the extent of client more than 35 is over 70%, the extent of client with lone wolf or above training is over 75% and the extent of client with over $100,000 salaries is over 39%, contrasted with Facebook with just 32%, 53% and 32% (Chart 1). Chart1 Demographic Analysis of Facebook and LinkedIn What’s more, in business related territory, LinkedIn is exceptionally perceived than Facebook. As per an exploration led by Jobvite, in work candidates who are presently utilizing or will utilize SNS to secure positions, over 95% show that they will pick LinkedIn. Just 59% picked Facebook and 42% picked Twitter. In individuals who as of now get a new line of work by utilizing SNS, 89% of them utilized LinkedIn, 28% utilized Facebook. To summarize, in spite of the fact that Facebook is presently testing LinkedIn in proficient SNS territory, LinkedIn is still No.1 in the field. 5. Twitter Twitter is an online informal communication administration and small scale blogging administration that empowers its clients to send and peruse content based messages of up to 140 characters, known as tweets. Propelled in July, 2006, the administration quickly increased overall fame. When of 2012, more than 500,000,000 dynamic clients producing more than 340,000,000 tweets for every day and dealing with more than 1,600,000,000 inquiry questions for each day. Twitter has been depicted as â€Å"the SMS of the Internet† Unlike Facebook and LinkedIn, Twitter has its own qualities. Initially, there is a constraint of characters for each tweet. You can just send up to 140 characters in a single tweet. This breaking point made data divided. This sort of divided data wiped out the hour of perusing, and by this disposal client can spread their idea all the more precisely and more productivity. Also, you don’t need to get â€Å"approval† to tail someone. This character makes Twitter progressively like a telecom station. Clients could follow the Twitter of their preferred big name, brand and friends to secure most recent pattern. Similarly, the later will utilize Twitter to improve publ

Your Are An Enterpreneur Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Your Are An Enterpreneur - Assignment Example The organizations, for example, Coca-Cola, Pepsi and other driving organizations would be reached. In the understandings, retailer edge, transport of items, misfortune in travel, mass buy limits and other significant elements will be talked about. Be that as it may, before going to finish understandings, the business visionary plans to look into the current arrangements and association between these organizations with the retailers. For this reason, both on the web and disconnected assets would be utilized to assemble the important data. The business person expects to employ three full time partners serving to clients. These aides would be required to direct clients, furnish data and help them with some other necessities required by the clients. The explanation for employing three partners is to encourage clients. This assistance improves plausibility of client steadfastness. Thusly, this would produce an interfered with stream of clients and income would be keep

Julius Caesar Essay Topics

Julius Caesar Essay TopicsThis is an essay topic on Julius Caesar that will help you get started on your Julius Caesar study. The first paragraph should tell you a little bit about the man, but most of the rest of the essay will be about him and his life. It's time to introduce yourself, and what you hope to accomplish with this article.Since Caesar was born on the Ides of March, there's a huge chance that you've never heard of him. The reason for this is because his life, especially the events of his life, was really short. If you're trying to learn about a man who lived almost fifty years ago, you're in for a short read.So, what you need to learn about Caesar is to start reading about him. How old were you when you read the Ides of March? I'm assuming you read about him as part of a history book or in a history class. Probably you know about him as part of that course, but here are some thoughts about the man's life so far.As I said before, Caesar was born on the Ides of March. Thi s means that he was probably two years old at the time. Some say that he was a baby, but that seems to be an extreme case.The man who ended up being known as Julius Caesar was also said to be fat, which he most certainly was. He was also very short, probably about four feet tall, but he was strong enough to battle the elephants.Caesar was also not very popular, and he became one of the most hated men in Rome. His legions deserted him, and he was eventually defeated by the Romans.After his defeat, Caesar went into exile. Here he lived among the Gauls, a nomadic tribe. From his account of this period, it seems that he did quite well and would have become quite wealthy if he hadn't been so hated.One can conclude that Julius Caesar had some good reasons for being hated by the Romans. But there's one more thing that I want to tell you about Julius Caesar. That is that he is the only Roman who were actually found in a grave, and that is why the other Romani people took the name 'Caesar'.

5 Easy Ways for Rising Seniors to Get a Jumpstart on College Apps

Start Your College Apps Early To Stay Sharp and Feel Confident For many rising seniors, summer is an opportunity to explore new learning experiences and prepare for an important year ahead. In addition to beating summer brain drain, getting a head start on college applications can help make the process feel more manageable. While finishing up every single item on your college checklist before school starts may not be feasible, there are a number of steps seniors can take over the summer to set themselves up for success. Keep reading to learn what kind of college prep work you can do before the fall. Finalize Your College ListIf you’re still working on creating a balanced list of best-fit options, take advantage of the summer months to finalize your choices. Learn as much as you can about each school you are interested in and consider scheduling tours for campuses you haven’t had a chance to visit yet. While summer is not the most ideal time for school visits, since most college students are on break as well, it can still be a valuable opportunity for students to get a feel for the campus and demonstrate their interest. Take application strategy into account as well by considering whether you wish to apply in an early round. Brainstorm Essay TopicsSince the Common App announced that the personal statement essay prompts will remain unchanged from the prior year, rising seniors have the opportunity to draft their essays this summer. Before typing up a draft, take the time to reflect on the people, places, and events that are most meaningful to you. Consider each of the prompts and choose an essay topic that best reveals something new about who you are. Continue to explore different idea until you’ve pinpointed a topic that truly excites you. Start Editing EarlyOnce you’ve completed a draft of your personal statement, don’t wait to start editing it. Review your essay several times over the summer to catch any grammar or spelling mistakes and to ensure that you have a version that you are proud of. After self-editing, consider reaching out to a friend or peer whose writing skills you admire and asking for feedback on the theme and voice in your piece. This is also where your college counselor is valuable! Having an outsider’s perspective can help bring up potential ideas or alternatives you may not have previously considered. Perfect Your ResumeA detailed resume that highlights your achievements and experiences is a major asset, so devote time to this important document. If you’ve never written one before, consider viewing templates online to get a sense of the format. Focus primarily on what you have achieved during high school and include internships, extracurricular activities, jobs, and any leadership positions you have obtained. Compile Additional MaterialsStudents who wish to submit additional materials, such as an art portfolio or highlight reel for a sports team, may choose to begin compiling this over the summer. Different schools have different policies regarding supplemental material, so consult representatives and websites for each college you plan to apply to. Once you understand the guidelines, start pulling together the videos, pictures, or documents you wish to submit. By using the summer before senior year to get a jumpstart on applications, students can enter their final year of high school feeling prepared and confident. If you are looking for guidance throughout the admissions process, our team of expert counselors can help you at any point in your application journey.

The Rise Of Einsteinian Special Relativity Essay - 1908 Words

In 1905, Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity was proposed. The reason that it is so quot;specialquot; is because it was part of the more complex and extensive Theory of General Relativity, which was published in 1915. His theory reshaped the world of physics when it contradicted all previous laws of motion erected by Galileo and Newton. By mathematically manipulating these previous laws of motion, physicists in the nineteenth century were able to explain such phenomena as the flow of the ocean, the orbits of planets around the sun, the fall of rocks, and the random behavior of molecules in gases. At first, Einstein faced great opposition when he came up with his radical new theory because the previous laws of motion proposed by†¦show more content†¦Newton and Galileo would have assumed that like the speeds of the two cars in the previous example, the velocity of light could be calculated in the same fashion. For example: If a car is moving at a speed of 25 meters per second with its headlights on, what is the speed of the light emitted by the headlights? Newton and Galileo would have thought, quot;25 meters per second for the car plus 299,792,458 meters per second for the speed of light equals 299,792,483 meters per second for the speed of the light emitted by the headlights of the car.quot; This method of thinking would have been acceptable up until 1881. At this time, an experiment took place that would change physics forever. Albert Michelson wanted to test Newton’s idea of variable speeds of light due to the existence of the aether. He knew that since the Earth moves in absolute space, that the speed of light should be measured differently in January than six months later in June when it is moving in an opposite direction in its orbit. This is because the speed of light and Earth would be additive. The difference, according to Newton and Galileo, would only be about 1 part in 10,000 since the earth moves slowly relative to the speed of light. Michelson set up an extremely accurate test using a special device thatShow MoreRelatedRelation Between Science and Religion Essay4079 Words   |  17 Pagessecond half of this century is that historians and philosophers of science have come to realize that this supposed history of warfare is a myth. As Thaxton and Pearcey point out in their recent book The Soul of Science, for over 300 years between the rise of modern science in the 1500’s and the late 1800s the relationship between science and religion can best be described as an alliance. Up until the late 19th century, scientists were typically Christian believers who saw no conflict between their science

An Influx Of New Immigrants - 914 Words

In the nineteenth century, an influx of new immigrants came to America. A majority of these new immigrants came from southern and eastern Europe, as opposed to the northwestern Europeans who came in abundance before them. Between 1820 and 1920, less immigrants with northwestern European origins were coming to America and an increase of immigrants from southeastern Europe, countries in North America, Asia, and Latin America. The new immigrants from Ireland and Scandinavia were different from the previous groups of immigrants. They were not Protestant, and they had different migration patterns. The new group of immigrants had a completely new experience in coming to America than previous groups. A new cultural identity was created and with a new demographic of citizens, the United States would move into a new era of growth. The motivation behind a majority of Irish immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s was famine in Ireland. In total, more than two million Irish people left Ireland due to the dangerous conditions. This famine would continue to haunt Irish immigrants and change their ways for years to come. The attitudes and actions of the new immigrants changed not only because they were in a new country, but because they had to deal with the often times harsh treatment because of their immigrant status. Irish immigrants in the nineteenth century tended to settle in areas that already housed a large number of people of Irish origin. Daniels states that their settlement inShow MoreRelatedImmigrant Children and U.S Education1257 Words   |  6 PagesAware of the free education provided by the United States government to any school age children, immigrants both legal and illegal continue to be attracted to the United States, migrating in an attempt to provide better opportunities for their families and themselves. 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The mind set of an illegal immigrant isn’t one of failure or lack of determination; it is one of growing hope and perseverance to escapeRead MoreEssay about Illegal Immigrants: Amnesty1007 Words   |  5 Pagesis illegal immigration. According to the Department of Homeland security in 2010, there are 10.8 million illegal immigrants residing among the 300+ million Americans. Since then, the number has grown to 11+ million people. The U.S. Congress has always sought to find the solution for illegal immigration, with amnesty being an option. If enacted, an amnesty will give unauthorized immigrants a path to legalization and eventually citizenship. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) is a primeRead MoreDo International Migration And Remittances Reduce Poverty? Developing Countries?1137 Words   |  5 PagesCompetition and Individual Preferences over Immigration Policy,† the economists focus on how individual preferences concerning immigration policies are influenced by an individual’s socioeconomic status. Less-skilled workers fear an influx of â€Å"job-stealing† low-skilled immigrants, and therefore are more likely to favor restrictionist policies that limit immigration. While these fears are believed and often influence policy, they do not hold up to economic theory and should be disregarded. InternationalRead MoreNew Era Of The United States1571 Words   |  7 Pageslate nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to describe the growing number of immigrants in the United States. From 1900 to 1915, â€Å"more than 15 million people† immigrated to the United States, ushering in a new era of Americans (Library of Congress). Furthermore, there was a shift in the countries from which immigrants were arriving. These changes characterized the first half of the twentieth century, as immigrants struggled to assimilate to American culture. Immigration during this period profoundlyRead MoreDoes Immigration Have Positive Or Negative Effects On Recipient Nation States?1523 Words   |  7 Pagesnation states? Immigration is defined as the migration of a group of individuals from their home country to another country in search of social, economic and political sustainability (Flores Loss, 2010). Kim and Koo (2016) report that the number of immigrants is rapidly increasing in Korea, the population of immigration rise from approximately 1.5 million in 2013 to more than 7 million as of 2014, which is equivalent to almost 14 percent of the population of South Korean. Currently, immigration has becomeRead MoreImmigration Benefits And Promotes Urbanization1642 Words   |  7 PagesImmigration benefits and promotes urbanization in New York and Vancouver from 1860 to 1920. The period from the late 19th century to the early 20th century is important in the urban development history of Canadian and American. Urbanization is a historical process that contains urban development. Urbanization is a process of population concentration as well as a process that advanced production modes substitute backward modes. At the same time, it is also the process to adapt to the mode of production

Outliers - 1030 Words

Elda Espinoza May 9, 2016 Sociology 101 Outliers By Malcolm Gladwell The Outliers, by Malcolm Gladwell attempts to explain the reasons why people become successful in both controlled and uncontrolled environment. He uses different stories and studies to explain what makes a person who there are. For example, in chapter one Gladwell says that successful hockey players if born early in the calendar year this will make them stand out physically among other boys who are several months younger than they are. Gladwell says that over time, the opportunities that these players have has help them build up to make them better players. So, Gladwell uses a sociological perspective to try to explain the reasons for peoples success.†¦show more content†¦When we look at outliers, when we look at success stories, if we look closely enough, we see lives with opportunity from the start. To illustrate the importance of culture in success, Gladwell relates a story of a Colombian pilot who most likely crashed a plane because, even with diminishing fuel, he wa snt assertive enough to stand up to the intimidating control tower agents and demand to land. Cultures that encourage passive submission to hierarchy, or who phrase their questions in subtle, vague euphemisms, may find themselves at a disadvantage in some situations, such as the airplane cockpit. Other times, your culture works for you. For example, Gladwell explains that Asians who spent centuries working in rice paddies, a type of farming that requires meticulous care all year long, passed on this work ethic to their posterity. Many of the inheritors of the rice-paddy culture apply the same diligence in their schoolwork. This diligence, of course, brings more success. I found this book to be an eye opener to many things that I never really paid attitude to. We all want to believe that where we come from and who we are does not affect what we will be come. Yes all have heard it before you can be what you want to be as long as you work hard for it. But really many things that people would like to be are out of reached for the simple fact that you are not in the right class of people. Even thoughtShow MoreRelatedOutliers, By Malcolm Gladwell1431 Words   |  6 PagesOutliers, written by Malcolm Gladwell, examines the wonder of high achievement, and success frequently attributed to the hard work, determination, and specific talent in individuals. Gladwell succeeds at analyzing judgments and cultural epidemics, while putting his thesis into view, and explaining his proof through a series of short, exemplifying accounts. Stressing the fact that hard work is a crucial factor in becoming successful, Gladwell does not deduct the need for discrete skills. Factors suchRead MoreOutliers Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesOutliers Essay An Outlier is someone who stands out in a group due to their mastery of a certain skill and because of that they are successful. According to Gladwell not anyone can become successful; it takes the right circumstances and opportunities. Human’s capability seems limitless, and if we put in the time and hard work we can achieve our goals. We as a society love to think that a person may become successful and that we all have the same opportunities and chance of succeeding if weRead MoreOutliers, By Malcolm Gladwell1245 Words   |  5 Pagesand many other multi-millionaires were all born within a span of 3 years? Malcolm Gladwell, the author of Outliers, suspects that there is something more behind this occurrence than just a simple coincidence. He asserts that there is no such thing as a self-made man and success does not come from natural talent, rather it comes from extraordinary opportunities and hidden advantages. In Outliers, Gladwell attempts to debunk the myth that peo ple are successful because of themselves, and not because ofRead MoreOutliers : By Malcolm Gladwell1917 Words   |  8 Pages Malcolm Gladwell wrote the book titled Outliers to show the world how unique people got their start and all of the factors and obstacles it takes to succeed in life. Every chapter of this book contains a different success story. At the beginning of each new section, Malcolm describes where each story is taking place and who will be involved. An example of this unique imagery includes the start of the chapter titled, â€Å"The Ethnic Theory of Plane Crashes,† when Malcolm Gladwell described the settingRead MoreEssay on Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell1853 Words   |  8 PagesExecutive Summary The novel Outliers, aims to investigate the very thing we want for our family, our students, and ourselves. For most of our lives we have believed that with hard work, anyone can achieve success. That had to be the reason that poor immigrants like Andrew Carnegie and college dropouts like Bill Gates achieved unimaginable wealth. Most of us were taught that working harder than anyone else would lead to ultimate success. While the author, Malcolm Gladwell, does not disputeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis on Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell571 Words   |  3 PagesIn Malcolm Gladwell’s book Outliers, he defines an outlier as someone who does something out of the ordinary or differently. The author is very credible and has a few awards for writing, â€Å"Outliers.† We should listen to Gladwell because some of his information is knowledgeable and can help with everyday life. His purpose is to teach us about the many rules that are being described in the book. The main intended audience would have to be the world and how he displays his values to millions of peopleRead MoreThe Book Outliers The Story Of Success By Joe Flom851 Words   |  4 PagesThe story of Joe Flom incorporates many aspects of the first half of the book Outliers The Story of Success. Malcolm Gladwell uses comparisons of other families with similarities of Flom’s story to demonstrate why he is successful. The story o f Flom not only has what the previous chapters present but also some new concepts. At the beginning of the chapter Gladwell tells the reader about Flom’s success and then jumps backwards to explain how it occurred. He also explains why some people thrive whileRead MoreWhy We Should Be Diligent About Checking For Our Outliers2421 Words   |  10 PagesAn outlier is an observation that lies an abnormal distance from other values in random sample from a population. Outliers are data values that are differ greatly from a majority of a set of data. The value that falls outside of an overall trend that a present in the data. Sometimes outliers can be caused by an error and other times outliers indicate the presence of a previously unknown phenomenon. Other reasons that we should feel the need to be diligent about checking for our outliers is becauseRead MoreWhy Are Do Underdogs Win in Malcolm Gladwells Blink and Outliers904 Words   |  4 PagesHistory has it that the underdogs o f our society are ought to win due to their disadvantages. In David and Goliath, Malcolm Gladwell (the author of Blink and Outliers) explores why the disadvantaged misfits were able to win their greatest opposing giants. Gladwell initiates his discovery with the Biblical story of David, an Israeli shepherd boy, who killed Goliath with a slingshot. He explains how the chances of the underdogs increase when they fight unconventionally. In our society, our advantagesRead MoreSuccess And Success : Malcolm Gladwell s Outliers : The Story Of Success1843 Words   |  8 Pagesalmost imminent result of talent, effort, and hard work. Liberals, on the other hand, believe that even when people who work hard and are talented could sometimes fall when hard times are presented and associate that with luck. Malcolm Gladwell’s Outliers: The Story of Success, argues that factors and circumstances are those that will determine the person’s success rather than then hard work and effort. Many people would disagree with Malcolm Gladwell. The way that Gladwell portrays luck throughout

Difference between Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus Sample

Questions: 1.Why is the Disease given the name Diabetes Mellitus? How does Diabetes Mellitus differ from Diabetes Insipidus? 2.Individuals with the Diabetes Mellitus are Classified into two Main groups. What are they and what is the basis of the cCassification System used? 3.How are Patients Diagnosed as Diabetics? What treatment Options are most used to Manage this Condition? 4.What Changes in the Metabolism of glucose and fat (triglycerides) are observed in this disease? What Symptoms might a Diabetic show as a result of these Metabolic Changes and why do these Occur?5.Determine the Concentration of Glucose in each Patient serum Sample and plot Glucose Concentration against the time over which the Samples were Obtained. 6.What Potential Long term Problems would a Pharmacist need to be aware of when advising a Diabetic Client? Answers: 1.The word diabetes is the short version for diabetes mellitus (DM). It is adapted from the words of Greek and Latin language- diabetes and mellitus which means siphon (passing through) and honeyed/sweet respectively. This word was firstly used in English medical literature language around1425, as diabetes and in 1675, Thomas Williams used the wordmellituswith diabetes to signifies the sweet taste of urine (Lakhtakia, 2013). Classical symptoms of DM include high blood sugar levels, elevated hunger, thirst and too much urination while that of diabetes insipidus include elevated thirst, and large amount of dilute urine.DM is of auto-immune, genetic or lifestyle in origin while diabetes insipidus is generally caused due to deficiency of anti-diuretic hormone or gene defect. The treatment of DM involves insulin injection and some lifestyle changes while that of insipidus involves use of desmopressin or diuretics (Smith Vermaak, 2009). 2. Majority of DM cases are of two broad pathogenic categories on basis of their pathophysiology. First one is the type I DM which is due to insulin deficiency or its secretion from the -cells of the pancreas, while second one is type II DM which is more prevalent than type I. Type II DM is either caused due to development of insulin resistance or due to insufficient insulin secretion. Hyperglycemia is also observed in the latter case which may cause pathological changes in the body tissues, even before diabetes is being detected (American Diabetes Association, 2014a). Type I DM is also called juvenile onset DM, which is mainly characterized with complete deficiency of insulin in blood. It usually occurs before the age of 20 years. On the other hand, type II DM characterized by either deficiency of insulin or its inability to activate gluco-receptors. Type II DM is age related and usually occurs after the age of 60 years (American Diabetes Association, 2009b). 3.DM involves elevated blood sugar levels, which is diagnosed by estimating plasma glucose level at different time of the day. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a person with fasting blood glucose levels ranging from 6.1 - 6.9 mmol/litreor 110 - 125 mg/dlitre are presumed to be suffering from impaired fasting blood glucose while person with a blood glucose level of 7.8 mmol/litreor 140 mg/dlitre, but less than 11.1 mmol/litre or 200 mg/dlitre, two hours prior to a 75 g of oral glucose loading have an impaired glucose tolerance. Individuals should also be checked for glycated hemoglobin levels, which if at or above 48 mmol/mol indicates DM (Selvin et al., 2010; Consultation, W.H.O., 1999; Definition, W.H.O., 2006). DM is an incurable metabolic disorder but it can be managed by controlling blood glucose levels. Changes in lifestyle like diet controls and appropriate exercises help the anti-hyperglycaemic drugs to manage the glucose levels. Following are the drugs which are clinically used in management of DM. Sulfonyl ureas: Glimepride, Gliclazide etc Biguanides: Metformin etc Thiazolidenediones: Pioglitazone etc. DPP IV inhibitors: Vildagliptin etc. Alpha glucosidase inhibitors: Acarbose Meglitinides: Nateglinide etc. Combinations of some above mentioned drugs A routine estimation of glycated haemoglobin (Hb1AC) is very important for managinf the DM (Zarowitz et al, 2015). Along with the pharmacological changes, dietary modifications and lifestyle changes are immensely helpful in management of DM. 4.DM is characterized by absolute or relative deficiency of insulin in blood. Deficiency of insulin causes abnormalities in the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fat. The main functions of insulin are: Increases glucose uptake Increases glucose use and storage Increases protein synthesis Increases fat storage In diabetic patients the above mentioned function of insulin got disturbed. In diabetes mellitus (deficiency of insulin) causes following changes in carbohydrate metabolism. Diminished uptake of glucose by insulin sensitive tissue like adipose tissue and muscles. Promote the processes that increase the blood glucose and inhibit the process that removes the glucose form blood. Increased glycogenolysis Decreased glycogen synthesis Retarded glycolysis Promote gluconeogenesis The deficiency of insulin causes following changes in lipid metabolosim. Increased lipolysis Diminished lipogenesis Decreased removal of ketones and increased production of ketone bodies. The metabolic alteration in metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids leads to various biochemical and physical changes in patient. Some of them are listed below (Do et al., 2012). Symptoms due to impaired carbohydrate metabolism Symptoms due to impaired lipid metabolism Polyuria, Polydypsia and Polyphagia Ketone body formation causes ketourea Glycosuria Acidosis Weight loss Low pH stimulates the respiratory centre and causes rapid, deep breathing Muscle wasting due to negative nitrogen balance Acidosis may lead to coma High cholesterol level which leads to atherosclerosis Table 1: Symptoms arises due to altered metabolism in diabetic patients 5.Comment on the results for the two patients The standard plot of glucose concentration was drawn using the serial dilutions. A straight line curve has obtained with equation Y = 0.068X + 0.016. Putting different absorbance from blood samples of patient A and B were calculated and illustrated through a line chart (Figure 2). Figure 1: Standard plot, Absorbance vs Glucose concentration Figure 2: Comparison between glucose concentrations of patient A and patient B Comment: The normal fasting value of plasma glucose concentrations are 6.1 mMol/L. However, while doing postprandial glucose test, the blood glucose concentration after 2 hours should be 7.8 mMol/L. Figure 2 shows the result of postprandial blood glucose test of two different patients. Patient A has higher blood glucose values and remains above then the permissible limits till the completion of test. On the contrary, patient B has controlled blood glucose levels (Martin et al., 2012). This result shows that patient A has lower levels of blood insulin which is unable to metabolize the available glucose. The result also signifies the Patient A is suffering from DM. It can be confirmed by repeating the test (American Diabetes association, 2014b) 6.DM is a chronic disease which affects the patients at a variety of levels. Therefore the pharmacist must counsel the patient about the nature of disease and its associated complications. Pharmacist must also advice the patients about the lifestyle changes and therapeutic treatment involved. The patients should be told that DM is lifelong and progressive disorder which needs basic modifications in the lifestyle. Pharmacist must also emphasize upon the significance of medication therapy, and advise them to strictly follow the prescribed medication therapy. The pharmacist must also notify the patients about the change the quality of life if the disease is not controlled (McCord, 2006). The pharmacist must stress upon the crucial areas of lifestyle changes like healthy diet, physical activity, and cessation of smoking, alcohol intake while advising the patients. Diet: A controlled diet is the basis of treatment in DM. So, pharmacist must carefully advocate the importance of dietary intake of protein, carbohydrate and fat. Carbohydrates directly affect the blood glucose levels in the body. So, the daily intake of carbohydrate should be kept constant should be according to the daily physical activity. It is practical to advise the patients of DM to restrict the use of saturated fatty acids as it increase the risk of cardiac diseases and obesity. Increased fiber intake in the daily diet also needs to be recommended as it serves the purpose of fullness of belly and increases satiety. It also delays the absorption of fats and carbohydrates thus diminishing the chances of hyperglycemia (Katz, 2014). Physical activity: Physical exercise can aid in promoting body weight management in the DM patients along with appropriate caloric uptake. But the pharmacist must take great care in advising the patients about physical exercise to avoid exhaustion or hypoglycemia (Balk et al, 2015). Smoking and alcohol intake: Smoking increases the chances of hypertension and cardiac diseases; so the pharmacist must warn the patients that continuous smoking might increase the risk of these cardiac complications in the DM patients. The pharmacist must also inform the DM patients that alcohol intake significantly affect the blood glucose levels even if their blood glucose levels are fairly controlled (Smith, 2009). References American Diabetes Association, 2014. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.Diabetes care,37(Supplement 1), pp.S81-S90. American Diabetes Association, 2014. Standards of medical care in diabetes2014.Diabetes care,37(Supplement 1), pp.S14-S80. Balk, E.M., Earley, A., Raman, G., Avendano, E.A., Pittas, A.G. and Remington, P.L., 2015. Combined diet and physical activity promotion programs to prevent type 2 diabetes among persons at increased risk: a systematic review for the Community Preventive Services Task Force.Annals of internal medicine,163(6), pp.437-451. Do, G.M., Jung, U.J., Park, H.J., Kwon, E.Y., Jeon, S.M., McGregor, R.A. and Choi, M.S., 2012. Resveratrol ameliorates diabetes?related metabolic changes via activation of AMP?activated protein kinase and its downstream targets in db/db mice.Molecular nutrition food research,56(8), pp.1282-1291. Katz, D.L., 2014. Diet and diabetes: lines and dots.The Journal of nutrition,144(4), pp.567S-570S. Lakhtakia, R., 2013. The history of diabetes mellitus.Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal,13(3), p.368. Martin, R.J., Ratan, R.R., Reding, M.J. and Olsen, T.S., 2012. Higher Blood Glucose within the Normal Range Is Associated with More Severe Strokes.Stroke research and treatment,2012. McCord, A.D., 2006. Clinical Impact of a Pharmacist?Managed Diabetes Mellitus Drug Therapy Management Service.Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy,26(2), pp.248-253. Selvin, E., Steffes, M.W., Zhu, H., Matsushita, K., Wagenknecht, L., Pankow, J., Coresh, J. and Brancati, F.L., 2010. Glycated hemoglobin, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adults.New England Journal of Medicine,362(9), pp.800-811. Smith, M.D. and Vermaak, J.S., 2009. Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus. InGeneral Surgery(pp. 319-328). Springer London. Smith, M.D. and Vermaak, J.S., 2009. Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus. InGeneral Surgery(pp. 319-328). Springer London. Zarowitz, B., Allen, C., OShea, T., Dalal, M.R., Haumschild, M. and DiGenio, A., 2015. Type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment patterns in US nursing home residents.Postgraduate medicine,127(5), pp.429-437.

Over population free essay sample

â€Å"Whether we accept it or not, this will likely be the century that determines what the optimal human population is for our planet. It will come about in one of two ways: Either we decide to manage our own numbers, to avoid a collision of every line on civilization’s graph – or nature will do it for us, in the form of famines, thirst, climate chaos, crashing ecosystems, opportunistic disease and wars over dwindling resources that finally cut us down to size† – Alan Weisman A striking quote, if I may say so myself. It embraces and implies in one whole thought the problem of a majority of the countries all over the world are currently facing, the same problem our country has; overpopulation. First and foremost, what exactly does the term â€Å"overpopulation† mean? What does it refer to? Can it be stereotyped as something bad or is it actually a good thing? Arbitrarily speaking, like all other things, overpopulation has its pros and cons. According to the Merriam-webster dictionary overpopulation is â€Å"the condition of having a population so dense as to cause environmental deterioration, an impaired quality of life or a population crash† whereas according to Wikipedia, â€Å"overpopulation occurs when a population of species exceeds the carrying capacity of its ecological niche. It is a function of the number of individuals compared to the relevant resources such as, the water and essential nutrients they need to survive which can result from an increase in births, a decline in mortality rates, an increase in immigration or an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources. † Note that the prefix over applied to other word case scenarios indicate more than desirable, this may also be applied to the word overpopulation. According to Casey B. Mulligan’s article, â€Å"The More the Merrier: Population Growth Promotes Innovation† she focuses on the conclusion that population growth should not be controlled in order to combat global warming, and other world problems since other economists ignore the significant economic benefits of large populations thus implicating that overpopulation is not a burden for a country but more or less an advantage. She justifies her point by quoting the director general of UNICEF, â€Å"Family planning could bring more benefits to more people at less cost than any other single technology now available to the human race† which strongly accentuates her belief that the larger the population, the more viable advantages it brings. One of the benefits of reduced population, it is claimed, is reduced carbon emissions and therefore mitigation of climate change. This statement takes technology for granted, yet technology itself depends on population. The more people on earth, the greater the chance that one of them has an idea of how to improve alternative energy or how to mitigate the climate effects of carbon emissions. It takes only one person to have an idea that can benefit many which focuses on appeal for innovation but this may only happen when the people in said community are encouraged to become responsible and productive. Many scientists agree that the human population is quickly reaching the point at which the planet will be unable to sustain it. This growth has placed a huge strain on the planets finite resources and done serious economic damage to nations all over the world, but some people, aside from Casey B. Mulligan, believe that there are a few advantages to having an ever-growing worldwide population. Among the other advantages or benefits of overpopulation is (1) increased labour forces resulting to increase in produced goods and services thus providing an economic boost, (2) more minds or ideas that will generate greater technologies in the future and (3) increased military might. But, are these advantages enough to encourage overpopulation to just continue as it is now? There are a lot of questions and controversies linked to the fast growing issues about the population with both the Catholic Church and our government officials going on about the pros and cons we now face because of ever growing population. Recently, news about the RH Bill created a public uproar but what exactly is the RH Bill all about? The Reproductive Health bill, popularly known as the RH bill, aims to guarantee universal access to methods and information on birth control and maternal care with a goal to help people prepare and widen up each and every individual’s mind setting about our society in all its modernized glory. There has been a debate on its proposal that we, as taxpayers, along with various private sectors will fund and undertake widespread distribution of family planning devices such as birth control pills and IUDs which the Catholic Church strongly opposes against usage since it goes against the unwritten law of life. Hence, usage of these controversial pills is considered an immoral crime. Whereas, the Government reasons that the Philippines is in dire need of this bill since overpopulation is unhealthy for a country like ours. Overpopulation manifests growth. Growth may either be good or bad but for a majority of the public, growth in terms of the human population, is bad. People have been brainwashed into believing that all growth, unless it pertains to cancer, is unquestionably a good thing. But let’s really dwell and think about this cautiously. Would we want our population to grow until people standing in a mall end up shoulder to shoulder? Would you want that? I wouldn’t want that! That itself is an indication that we’ve recognized that the population growth must stop at some point, and not just slow down, either. Though most scientists and researchers argue that global warming is the big thing to worry about, they have completely neglected the root cause. At this point in time, it doesn’t even matter if humans are responsible for global warming even if we are so clearly the cause of the events unfolding right now. Too many mouths to feed and less natural resources on hand can have a devastating effect on the economy. Our country faces the problem of overpopulation and we are subject to disadvantages such as (1) more mouths to feed, (2) lowered standard of living, (3) increased problems pertaining to poverty, (4) overcrowded public areas, (5) sickness and spreading of diseases, (6) insufficient natural resources to provide adequate goods and services, (7) inadequate facilities such as housing, medical etc. Problem of starvation and malnourished population, (9) education facilities may not meet the requirements of the entire population, (10) unemployment, (11) higher crime rate due to unequal distribution of wealth and insufficient financial resources, (12) environmental pollution, trees are felled to make space for housing facilities, (13) agricultural production is insufficient to meet the requirements of the entire population, which results in higher prices, (14) money is diverted to ensure that the population is fed, rather than carrying out fundamental research, (15) lower life expectancy, (16) large number of people live in unhygienic conditions, (18) heightened birth rate and so much more. The list goes on! All the world leaders are concerned about how to feed, clothe, and supply water and energy to the growing multitudes but all these efforts will prove futile if world population continues to grow. We live on a finite planet. Growth will simply overwhelm the attempted remedies. The effects have been stated but what exactly are the causes of overpopulation? Some of the causes of overpopulation are as follows: Decline in death rate: the fall in death rates that is also known as decline in mortality rate is one of the fundamental causes of overpopulation. Owing to the advancements in medicine, man has found cures to the previously fatal diseases. This has resulted in an increase in population. Rise in birth rate: thanks to the new discoveries in nutritional science, we have been able to bring in increase in the fertility rates of human beings. Medicines of today can boost the reproductive rate in human beings. There are medicines and treatments which help in terms of conception. Thus, science in one way or another has led to an increase in birth rate. Migration: Immigration is a problem in some parts of the world. If the inhabitants of various countries migrate to a particular part of the world and settle over there, the area is bound to suffer from the ill effects of overpopulation. If the rates of emigration from a certain nation do not match the rates of immigration to that country, overpopulation is therefore present creating an imbalance in the density of the population. Lack of education: illiteracy is another important cause of overpopulation. Those lacking education fail to understand the need to prevent excessive growth of population. They are unable to understand the harmful effects that overpopulation emits. They are unaware of the ways to control population. Lack of family planning is commonly seen in the illiterate areas of the world which constitutes as a major factor leading to overpopulation. So, does our planet benefit from overpopulation or does it cause more harm than it does good? Once again, we are left to contemplate and ponder whether overpopulation can be considered a plausible advantage or a disadvantage. Taking into careful consideration the growth of the population in the Philippines which is expected to reach a hundred million this year putting a strain on the country’s resources, the Commission on Population (Pop-Com) said. â€Å"Definitely in the third or fourth quarter of this year, we will be more than 100 million,† Pop-Com executive director Juan Antonio Perez III told The STAR in a recent interview. In 2014, the National Statistical Coordination Board estimated the country’s population to be around 97. 35 million. Studies show that over a period of time, the increase of population slowly increases but in the span of 30 years, we could probably hit over a billion in number. And if that isn’t alarming, I don’t know what is! Viewing the issue of increasing population optimistically, one may say that overpopulation means the increase in human resources. This may be true but we cannot ignore the fact that the increase in the number of producers implies an increase in the number of consumers. Greater number of people requires a greater number of resources which our nation is not capable of providing at the very moment. The Philippines as slow progressing country must acknowledge that the Earth has finite resources. Our current population increases and economic growth mentality bear all the hallmarks of a country still locked into colonial thinking. Population and personal consumption are two sides of the same coin. The logical conclusion is that we can’t keep consuming these resources indefinitely, either through increasing per capita consumption or the number of us consuming. And yet, how we balance two options remains a subject of contention. This is where consumption and sustainability play a role. The population issue is fraught with moral positions, confusion and unexpected connections. We cannot talk about population growth without also discussing decline; or immigration, without climate and business; or contraception, without faith and medical technology. It is the mother of cross-cutting issues – at the intersection of economics, environment, gender roles, culture, politics and religion. The population question is about the possibility and necessity of balancing the needs of nature and human civilization and this must take place as soon as possible before what we dread happens, depletion and insufficiency of our environmental resources. The worst enemy of life is too much life, the excess of human life. But think again will life kill life or we just need to think how life can help other life even in the edge of overpopulation. You cannot stop overpopulation you need to maintain it or accept it make it an advantage even everybody thinks it is a disadvantage, nobody really know what overpopulation can bring let just help each other to make this overpopulation an advantage.

Visual Perception Development Essays - Mental Processes, Vision

Visual Perception Development Devlopment of Visual Perception The development of visual perception changes through the caurse of life time from birth through adulthood. Sight is produced by taking ?stimulation in the form of light and converting it to electrochemical signals to the brain.? Most of the development of visual perception takes place in infants and then declines in old age. In Young infants is when visual perception begins to grow and develop. A new born can see changes in brightness and is able to see the world in color. Earlier diserves believed new borns could only see in black and white. At four months babies seem to discriminate between colors where as a new born can see color but unable to discrimninate between differences. Babies prefer objects with a pattern as opposed to a blank object. Taking this knowledge observes came up with a way of mearuring babies eyesight by presenting a pair of disks with a pattern and gradually increasing the fine-grained stip disk to find the point where the baby cannot tell the difference between a pattern and a blank disk. The observes found that newborns can have as poor of an eyesight as 20/600 wich means object that adults can see 600 feet away a newborn can see only 20 feet away. Objects to infants are blurry that are more than eight inches from their face unless the object is bold and has an extreme light/dar k contrast (Singelman 145). Altgought babies are unable to discrminate between color, they can discriminate between different patterns. Robert Fantz, during the ealry 1960's, found that babies less than two days old can differenciate visual forms. Babies being attracted to visual forms show to take great interenst in the patterns in the human face. Young infants are also attracted to moving objects. Even though infants tracking of moving objects has not matured yet and moving things can be lost unless its moving very slow a moving object is more apt to gain a babies attention than a stationary object. Infants prefer moderate complex patterns than high complex patterns where they are unable to make out all the detail (Singlman 146). Another important factor in visual perception is depth perception. Depth perception involves perceiving depth and knowing when objects are near or far away. Infants have some abilitly to interpet special cues involving nearby objecs. They are able to reco gnixe objects of the same size at different distances. In a tudy of visual cliff, babies of croling age were tested to see if they could sence the drop off. Twenty seven out of thirtysix would cross the shallow end, while only three out of the thirty six would cross the deep end to reach Mommy. To test infants too young to crawlthey were lowered in to the shallow end and then into the deep end. To test fear they heart rte was monitored. It showed that a babies heart rate was slower when lowered into the deep end as oppose to the shallow end. Though fear causes the heart rate to speed up, slower heart rate shows interest. Infants have not learned to fear fallen cause they have not experienced it but they were able to tell the difference in depth of were the ground is (Singleman 146). Most of the development of visual perception happens in infantcy but grow stronger through childhood and adolescents. Since most of the development of visual perception happenps in infancy, growth on visual perception happens through childhood and adolesants. School age children attention span has increased to where they are able to find a visual simulus and screen out distractions. This age group become able to carry out systematic percetuals searches. They are more able to notice more and more detail the older the child becomes (Singleman 157). When a child reaches adolsents the abilities of childhood grow stronger. Adolestants are able to concertatrate longer and more apt to explore more complex patterens (Singleman 159). Though there's not much to report on the development of visual perception in children and adolsents, adulthood is where is raches it's peak and steady begins to decline. Adults reach their peak of visual perception in their twenty's then it steadly begins to decline with middle age

State v. Mary Doherty essays

State v. Mary Doherty essays In the early part of the 19th Century, court cases in which young people were charged with serious crimes came out much differently than they would by todays standards. In fact in some cases children under the age of 14 were not convicted of crimes that they had obviously committed because they were believed to be incapable of testifying accurately. In other cases young people (children) were not allowed to testify because it was thought that they were too young to understand what they were charged with. Courts really didnt seem to know what to do with young criminals during that period. According to Holly Brewers book Birth or Consent: Children, Law, and the Anglo-American Revolution in Authority (Brewer, 2005, p. 220), state superior court cases show todays researchers that there was a profound transformation in attitudes toward culpability and an accused young persons age was becoming critical, in the early 19th Century, to not only deciding what the punishment should be, but guilt itself (Brewer, p. 220). In fact, Brewer writes, most criminal court decisions set fourteen as the minimum age for witness testimony in criminal cases. Mary Doherty was either twelve or thirteen years of age when she allegedly killed her father with an axe in Tennessee in 1806; accounts differ as to whether she was twelve or thirteen. She was charged with murdering her father, chopping up his body and burying the body parts under the floorboards of the house. According to Brewers account, the father was a drunkard, and two of his four children had run away, while Mary, the oldest, had stayed home. The suggestion is that the father was possibly abusive, although there was no evidence available to verify that. It was known that Michael Dohertys wife was not in the family for some reason when this horrific event took place. Brewer writes that there was blood on the axe, in Michael Dohe...

Sustainable Insulation for Winter Wear

Sustainable Insulation for Winter Wear When selecting winter wear, our concerns usually are about how warm a piece of garment is, how expensive it is, and let’s face it, whether it is fashionable. Another factor should be part of our decision-making: how green is the insulation? There are many types of insulation materials, each with a different environmental footprint. There is no single material which can clearly be deemed most environmentally friendly, but here is some information about insulation material sustainability which will hopefully help you make the right decision for you. Sustainable and Ethical Down? Insulation down is made from the small fluffy feathers found underneath a bird’s quilled feathers. Down’s role is one of, no surprise, insulation. Down is particularly sought after as it has a very advantageous warmth to weight ratio and it maintains its loft, trapping warm air close to the body even after years of use. Down is usually obtained from the breast of geese and ducks after they have been slaughtered for food. However, there is evidence of some eastern European and Asian farms harvesting breast down feathers directly from live ducks, which then regrow the feathers. This inhumane method is painful to the bird, and many garment companies are trying to distance themselves from those live-plucking practices. Some large outdoor clothing manufacturers have established sustainable sourcing practices to ensure their down is produced ethically. For example, outdoor clothing giant The North Face is expecting that by the end of 2016 all of the down it uses will be obtained ethically through their in-house Responsible Down Standard certification. Outdoor clothing manufacturer Patagonia has a similar program called Traceable Down which sources down from farms where the waterfowl are not live-plucked. Patagonia also offers jackets and vests made with recycled down obtained from used comforters and pillows. The feathers are sorted, washed, and dried at high temperature before it is sewn into new products. Goose and duck down is a product with great insulation properties, but the very lightest and warmest down is grown by a sea duck found in the frigid waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans: the common eider. Eider down is obtained from wild birds, but not the usually way by plucking it directly from the duck. The eiders use their own down to line their nest, and trained harvesters visit nesting colonies where they pick up a portion of the down feathers found in each nest. This sustainable practice has no negative effects on the eiders’ nesting success, but it yields only about 44 grams of down on average per nest, and much less once it’s sorted and cleaned. Eider down is of course very expensive and is used mostly in high-priced comforters and luxury clothes. Wool Wool is a product with excellent insulation qualities, as it remains warm when wet. It has been used for centuries, and while its popularity declined after the development of synthetic products, wool is making a comeback in outdoor apparel and fashion wear. Merino wool in particular is sought after for its softness and wicking properties. A sustainability certification program, named ZQ, exists for wool from New Zealand Merino sheep. By definition wool is a renewable resource, but in reality the sustainability of wool is as good as the farming practices used to raise the sheep. Pastured sheep efficiently convert energy from grass with relatively little greenhouse gas emissions as compared to cattle. In more arid regions, overgrazed rangeland is often an unfortunate sight. Farmers markets can present a good opportunity to get to know sheep farmers and their practices. The markets are also a good place to meet farmers who raise alpaca, a relative of the llama known for its high quality wool. A Synthetic Solution? While synthetic insulation is not quite as warm as down, it has the significant advantage of not holding water and not losing its insulation value when wet. Unfortunately, synthetic insulation is made from oil byproducts in a process releasing significant greenhouse gases. To get around that, the main synthetic insulation makers offer versions of their products made, partly or wholly, of recycled materials. For example, PrimaLoft and Thinsulate offer recycled alternatives, and Patagonia produces fleece fabric spun from PET plastic (#1) recycled from soda bottles. Â   Unfortunately there is increasing evidence that polyester, which makes up most of the fibers used in synthetic insulation, has a water pollution problem. Every time a polyester garment is washed, tiny fibers get detached and washed down the drain. The fibers will not decompose the way cotton or wool would. Instead, polyester fibers are being found in bodies of water all over the world. There, the fibers contribute to the global microplastics pollution problem: persistent organic pollutants stick to the fibers’ surface, and aquatic microorganisms then suffer from ingesting them. Milkweed Yes, milkweed! Asclepias has long been known for its insulation properties, and has been used as a hypoallergenic pillow fill. Figuring out how to use it for clothing insulation has proven elusive until recently when a Canadian company developed a lightweight, effective-when-wet, very warm woven fabric made from milkweed. For now, it comes in limited applications and at a steep price, but as a bonus the commercially grown plant is only harvested after it has served as food for the monarch butterfly larvae. Make It Last! The most environmentally sustainable insulated garment is the one you don’t buy, so make the clothes you own last a long time. Knowing how to make basic repairs, like replacing a zipper or mending a tear, can stretch the functional life of a jacket for several more years. Purchasing quality clothing well-constructed by a reputable manufacturer in the first place pays off in the end, as it will likely last much longer than discount brands or cheap knock-off products.

Sustainable Insulation for Winter Wear

Sustainable Insulation for Winter Wear When selecting winter wear, our concerns usually are about how warm a piece of garment is, how expensive it is, and let’s face it, whether it is fashionable. Another factor should be part of our decision-making: how green is the insulation? There are many types of insulation materials, each with a different environmental footprint. There is no single material which can clearly be deemed most environmentally friendly, but here is some information about insulation material sustainability which will hopefully help you make the right decision for you. Sustainable and Ethical Down? Insulation down is made from the small fluffy feathers found underneath a bird’s quilled feathers. Down’s role is one of, no surprise, insulation. Down is particularly sought after as it has a very advantageous warmth to weight ratio and it maintains its loft, trapping warm air close to the body even after years of use. Down is usually obtained from the breast of geese and ducks after they have been slaughtered for food. However, there is evidence of some eastern European and Asian farms harvesting breast down feathers directly from live ducks, which then regrow the feathers. This inhumane method is painful to the bird, and many garment companies are trying to distance themselves from those live-plucking practices. Some large outdoor clothing manufacturers have established sustainable sourcing practices to ensure their down is produced ethically. For example, outdoor clothing giant The North Face is expecting that by the end of 2016 all of the down it uses will be obtained ethically through their in-house Responsible Down Standard certification. Outdoor clothing manufacturer Patagonia has a similar program called Traceable Down which sources down from farms where the waterfowl are not live-plucked. Patagonia also offers jackets and vests made with recycled down obtained from used comforters and pillows. The feathers are sorted, washed, and dried at high temperature before it is sewn into new products. Goose and duck down is a product with great insulation properties, but the very lightest and warmest down is grown by a sea duck found in the frigid waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans: the common eider. Eider down is obtained from wild birds, but not the usually way by plucking it directly from the duck. The eiders use their own down to line their nest, and trained harvesters visit nesting colonies where they pick up a portion of the down feathers found in each nest. This sustainable practice has no negative effects on the eiders’ nesting success, but it yields only about 44 grams of down on average per nest, and much less once it’s sorted and cleaned. Eider down is of course very expensive and is used mostly in high-priced comforters and luxury clothes. Wool Wool is a product with excellent insulation qualities, as it remains warm when wet. It has been used for centuries, and while its popularity declined after the development of synthetic products, wool is making a comeback in outdoor apparel and fashion wear. Merino wool in particular is sought after for its softness and wicking properties. A sustainability certification program, named ZQ, exists for wool from New Zealand Merino sheep. By definition wool is a renewable resource, but in reality the sustainability of wool is as good as the farming practices used to raise the sheep. Pastured sheep efficiently convert energy from grass with relatively little greenhouse gas emissions as compared to cattle. In more arid regions, overgrazed rangeland is often an unfortunate sight. Farmers markets can present a good opportunity to get to know sheep farmers and their practices. The markets are also a good place to meet farmers who raise alpaca, a relative of the llama known for its high quality wool. A Synthetic Solution? While synthetic insulation is not quite as warm as down, it has the significant advantage of not holding water and not losing its insulation value when wet. Unfortunately, synthetic insulation is made from oil byproducts in a process releasing significant greenhouse gases. To get around that, the main synthetic insulation makers offer versions of their products made, partly or wholly, of recycled materials. For example, PrimaLoft and Thinsulate offer recycled alternatives, and Patagonia produces fleece fabric spun from PET plastic (#1) recycled from soda bottles. Â   Unfortunately there is increasing evidence that polyester, which makes up most of the fibers used in synthetic insulation, has a water pollution problem. Every time a polyester garment is washed, tiny fibers get detached and washed down the drain. The fibers will not decompose the way cotton or wool would. Instead, polyester fibers are being found in bodies of water all over the world. There, the fibers contribute to the global microplastics pollution problem: persistent organic pollutants stick to the fibers’ surface, and aquatic microorganisms then suffer from ingesting them. Milkweed Yes, milkweed! Asclepias has long been known for its insulation properties, and has been used as a hypoallergenic pillow fill. Figuring out how to use it for clothing insulation has proven elusive until recently when a Canadian company developed a lightweight, effective-when-wet, very warm woven fabric made from milkweed. For now, it comes in limited applications and at a steep price, but as a bonus the commercially grown plant is only harvested after it has served as food for the monarch butterfly larvae. Make It Last! The most environmentally sustainable insulated garment is the one you don’t buy, so make the clothes you own last a long time. Knowing how to make basic repairs, like replacing a zipper or mending a tear, can stretch the functional life of a jacket for several more years. Purchasing quality clothing well-constructed by a reputable manufacturer in the first place pays off in the end, as it will likely last much longer than discount brands or cheap knock-off products.

Sustainable Insulation for Winter Wear

Sustainable Insulation for Winter Wear When selecting winter wear, our concerns usually are about how warm a piece of garment is, how expensive it is, and let’s face it, whether it is fashionable. Another factor should be part of our decision-making: how green is the insulation? There are many types of insulation materials, each with a different environmental footprint. There is no single material which can clearly be deemed most environmentally friendly, but here is some information about insulation material sustainability which will hopefully help you make the right decision for you. Sustainable and Ethical Down? Insulation down is made from the small fluffy feathers found underneath a bird’s quilled feathers. Down’s role is one of, no surprise, insulation. Down is particularly sought after as it has a very advantageous warmth to weight ratio and it maintains its loft, trapping warm air close to the body even after years of use. Down is usually obtained from the breast of geese and ducks after they have been slaughtered for food. However, there is evidence of some eastern European and Asian farms harvesting breast down feathers directly from live ducks, which then regrow the feathers. This inhumane method is painful to the bird, and many garment companies are trying to distance themselves from those live-plucking practices. Some large outdoor clothing manufacturers have established sustainable sourcing practices to ensure their down is produced ethically. For example, outdoor clothing giant The North Face is expecting that by the end of 2016 all of the down it uses will be obtained ethically through their in-house Responsible Down Standard certification. Outdoor clothing manufacturer Patagonia has a similar program called Traceable Down which sources down from farms where the waterfowl are not live-plucked. Patagonia also offers jackets and vests made with recycled down obtained from used comforters and pillows. The feathers are sorted, washed, and dried at high temperature before it is sewn into new products. Goose and duck down is a product with great insulation properties, but the very lightest and warmest down is grown by a sea duck found in the frigid waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans: the common eider. Eider down is obtained from wild birds, but not the usually way by plucking it directly from the duck. The eiders use their own down to line their nest, and trained harvesters visit nesting colonies where they pick up a portion of the down feathers found in each nest. This sustainable practice has no negative effects on the eiders’ nesting success, but it yields only about 44 grams of down on average per nest, and much less once it’s sorted and cleaned. Eider down is of course very expensive and is used mostly in high-priced comforters and luxury clothes. Wool Wool is a product with excellent insulation qualities, as it remains warm when wet. It has been used for centuries, and while its popularity declined after the development of synthetic products, wool is making a comeback in outdoor apparel and fashion wear. Merino wool in particular is sought after for its softness and wicking properties. A sustainability certification program, named ZQ, exists for wool from New Zealand Merino sheep. By definition wool is a renewable resource, but in reality the sustainability of wool is as good as the farming practices used to raise the sheep. Pastured sheep efficiently convert energy from grass with relatively little greenhouse gas emissions as compared to cattle. In more arid regions, overgrazed rangeland is often an unfortunate sight. Farmers markets can present a good opportunity to get to know sheep farmers and their practices. The markets are also a good place to meet farmers who raise alpaca, a relative of the llama known for its high quality wool. A Synthetic Solution? While synthetic insulation is not quite as warm as down, it has the significant advantage of not holding water and not losing its insulation value when wet. Unfortunately, synthetic insulation is made from oil byproducts in a process releasing significant greenhouse gases. To get around that, the main synthetic insulation makers offer versions of their products made, partly or wholly, of recycled materials. For example, PrimaLoft and Thinsulate offer recycled alternatives, and Patagonia produces fleece fabric spun from PET plastic (#1) recycled from soda bottles. Â   Unfortunately there is increasing evidence that polyester, which makes up most of the fibers used in synthetic insulation, has a water pollution problem. Every time a polyester garment is washed, tiny fibers get detached and washed down the drain. The fibers will not decompose the way cotton or wool would. Instead, polyester fibers are being found in bodies of water all over the world. There, the fibers contribute to the global microplastics pollution problem: persistent organic pollutants stick to the fibers’ surface, and aquatic microorganisms then suffer from ingesting them. Milkweed Yes, milkweed! Asclepias has long been known for its insulation properties, and has been used as a hypoallergenic pillow fill. Figuring out how to use it for clothing insulation has proven elusive until recently when a Canadian company developed a lightweight, effective-when-wet, very warm woven fabric made from milkweed. For now, it comes in limited applications and at a steep price, but as a bonus the commercially grown plant is only harvested after it has served as food for the monarch butterfly larvae. Make It Last! The most environmentally sustainable insulated garment is the one you don’t buy, so make the clothes you own last a long time. Knowing how to make basic repairs, like replacing a zipper or mending a tear, can stretch the functional life of a jacket for several more years. Purchasing quality clothing well-constructed by a reputable manufacturer in the first place pays off in the end, as it will likely last much longer than discount brands or cheap knock-off products.